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High harmonic distortion refers to the presence of harmonics in the electrical system, which can significantly affect the performance and reliability of electrical equipment. When analyzing the consequences of high harmonic distortion, it is important to understand how harmonics influence energy systems.

Reduced energy efficiency occurs because high harmonics can lead to additional losses in electrical components such as transformers and motors. These losses manifest as heat, which decreases the overall efficiency of the system.

Overheating of electrical equipment is a direct result of the increased losses caused by harmonic currents. Many electrical devices are not designed to handle excessive harmonic levels, leading them to heat up more than they would under normal conditions, which can result in premature failure.

Increased operational costs arise from the need for additional cooling, maintenance, and potential replacement of overheated equipment. Furthermore, utilities may charge penalties for poor power quality caused by high harmonics, further increasing costs for businesses.

In contrast, improved power factor is not a consequence of high harmonic distortion. In fact, high harmonic distortion typically worsens the power factor by introducing reactive power, thereby creating a disconnect between the total apparent power and the actual power consumed. An improved power factor implies a more efficient use of electrical power, which is not the case in environments affected by